Most notably with the Irish DPC’s

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Issuing of a €. billion fine against Meta for transferring EU users’ personal data to the USA without having adequate data protection mechanisms in place. In April , the UK Information Commissioner’s Office ICO issued a . million fine to TikTok for breaches relating to the misuse of children’s data. The EU followed suit, and upped the ante, through the September  fine of  million by the DPC against TikTok for failing to shield underage users and breaking GDPR rules. Meanwhile in the US, data privacy has seen more political stances, with attempts to ban TikTok at a state level, such as in Montana, and a noticeably tougher new leadership at the FTC suing Amazon for enrolling customers to Prime without consent, while the Department of


Justice launched a landmark antitrust trail against Google in September . In Ireland, staff at government and state agencies are required to remove the TikTok app from official devices; whilst restrictions have also been introduced in B2B Email List jurisdictions such as the UK and The Netherlands. It's worth noting that whilst AdTech and behavioral advertising were enforcement priorities for the DPC and other supervisory authorities, penalties have been levied against businesses across many sectors of the economy; albeit not at the eye-watering levels we have seen with technology firms. Transferring International Data International data transfers have caused significant headaches for firms seeking to transfer personal data out of the European Union. It is an





aspect of data privacy that has witnessed substantial change in recent years. In July , the European Court of Justice ruled the existing Privacy Shield arrangement for data transfers between the EU and US to be invalid. Since that decision, known as Schrems II, both jurisdictions have been seeking an alternative mechanism that is GDPR compliant. A new Data Privacy Framework was approved by the European Union in early July. While welcome, it remains to be seen whether this will be subject to similar challenges from privacy advocates as was the case with its two predecessors. In the interim, companies have had to find alternative approaches, such as the use of Standard Contractual Clauses known as SCCs. For firms trading with the UK, the British Government has indicated its intention to streamline certain